• Contact
  • Log In

Everything Sondheim

  • Features
  • About
    • About Stephen Sondheim
    • Sondheim Bibliography
    • About Everything Sondheim
  • Sondheim Fun
    • Puzzles
    • Sondheim Valentine’s Day Cards
  • Sondheim Shows
    • Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street
    • Pacific Overtures
    • A Little Night Music
    • Follies
    • Company
    • Do I Hear A Waltz?
    • Anyone Can Whistle
    • A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum
    • Gypsy
    • West Side Story
    • Saturday Night
  • Contact

Boris Aronson: Vision and Execution

February 19, 2017

Aronson was the legendary designer for four of Sondheim's musicals with Hal Prince
Feb. 19, 2017
BY CHRISTOPHER WEIMER

Lisa Jalowetz Aronson was her husband Boris Aronson’s assistant on many productions, including Follies and A Little Night Music. [PHOTO: BORIS ARONSON ARCHIVES]

In an extraordinary six-year period, Stephen Sondheim and Harold Prince brought four landmark musicals to Broadway: Company (1970), Follies (1971), A Little Night Music (1973) and Pacific Overtures (1976). All four iconic productions of these remarkably disparate shows featured scenic designs by the same man: Boris Aronson. A son of the Grand Rabbi of Kiev, Aronson pursued his artistic apprenticeship in Revolution-era Russia, made a name for himself in New York’s Yiddish theater of the 1920s and was honored with six Tony Awards and 13 additional nominations over the course of a Broadway career spanning 44 years. Although a generation older than Sondheim and Prince and born half a world away from the two New Yorkers, Aronson’s unique trajectory as an artist made him not only, in Sondheim’s words, “a man who is a course in the history of twentieth-century theatre,” but also the ideal collaborator for the younger men in their efforts to redefine the American musical.

Aronson was born around the turn of the 20th century, most likely in 1898. As a teenager he attended art school in Kiev, a city soon to become a center of the Jewish avant-garde, and during the Revolution he was drafted with other art students to artificially extend building facades so that gigantic political slogans could be painted there. Fascinated from childhood by theater, Aronson soon gravitated to stage design and embraced the iconoclastic theories of two directors, Vsevolod Meyerhold and Alexander Tairov, who both rejected Stanislavski’s rigorous realism and advocated unified productions in which the designer worked with the playwright and the director as an equal creative partner.

Aronson studied with and subsequently became an assistant to Tairov’s chief designer, Alexandra Exter. Trained as a painter in Paris, Exter incorporated Cubism and Futurism into the theatrical application of Russian Constructivist principles. That application, Aronson explained, was nothing less than revolutionary:

In the naturalistic theatre, there was only one method of stage design; a set always had to be an exact copy of real life. … Now, however, the intention is, in principle, to bring out the inner essence of each dramatic work. … Instead of one-dimensional painting, which had no organic connection with the stage, [Constructivists] constructed three-dimensional stage sets made up of several levels, platforms, stairs, and ladders, which allow the actor to move about freely and to employ diverse means of expressing his emotions effectively.

By 1921 Aronson’s artistic path had already carried him from Kiev to Moscow. The following year he left Russia for Berlin, where he studied, painted and wrote two books, one on Jewish graphic art and the other a study of a fellow artist and theater designer he had known in Moscow: Marc Chagall. His success as both author and artist enabled him to immigrate to New York, where he quickly found work in the Yiddish theater and attracted favorable attention there. Productions in English followed, and Aronson made his Broadway debut with the musical Walk a Little Faster in 1932. In 1935 he designed his first bona fide Broadway hit, George Abbott’s Three Men on a Horse, which ran for more than 800 performances, as well as Clifford Odets’ influential Awake and Sing! Aronson won his first Tony in 1951 for a Broadway season in which he created the sets for three plays, including Odets’ The Country Girl and Tennessee Williams’ The Rose Tattoo. Later triumphs during the 1950s and 1960s included Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, William Inge’s Bus Stop and The Diary of Anne Frank.

Despite these achievements, Aronson remained frequently dissatisfied: Weary of designing too many living rooms and kitchens for too many conventional plays, he chafed at the restrictions of Broadway scenic realism and was painfully aware that mainstream tastes in the commercial theater favored his more successful colleagues Jo Mielziner and Oliver Smith. The very qualities for which some people praised his designs — the “strong, expressionistic composition and forced perspective” admired by Smith, the “turbulently dramatic” touch lauded by director and critic Harold Clurman — were precisely what displeased others. Indeed, scripts that could draw fully upon Aronson’s talents and training came along only rarely.

One such play was Archibald MacLeish’s J.B., a modern reworking of the Old Testament Job story re-enacted beneath the tent of an allegorical traveling circus. Aronson’s acclaimed design for the 1958 Broadway staging was the fruit of an unusually close and rewarding collaboration with director Elia Kazan, who wrote to him afterward, “It’s almost as though the line of demarcation between your work and mine was not clearly marked at certain points.” This kind of production was Aronson’s ideal, and it helped to win him the assignment that would change the course of his career and ultimately lead him to Harold Prince and Stephen Sondheim: 1964’s Fiddler on the Roof.

Fiddler, produced by Prince, was a show that Aronson — Russian-born son of a rabbi, childhood witness to pogroms and veteran of New York’s Yiddish theater — lobbied to design. Prince had reservations that his work was too dark and heavy, but director Jerome Robbins wanted Aronson, especially after seeing his designs for J.B. at an exhibition Robbins visited with Fiddler’s creators. “This is a perfect set,” Robbins told lyricist Sheldon Harnick. Prince eventually yielded to his director’s choice, and Aronson embarked on the arduous task of translating Robbins’ vision of the musical into scenic reality. His ultimate solution, the opposition and synthesis of “the homely realism of poverty” with his old friend Marc Chagall’s fantastic painted images of shtetl life, proved so iconic that Broadway would not see a revival of Fiddler on the Roof without Aronson’s sets until 2004.

Hal Prince was convinced of Aronson’s gifts. After the designer’s death he wrote, “It is likely no author has engaged my mind, lit a fuse which ignites my imagination, tempted me to inch ahead more than Boris.” In a belated but welcome American realization of Meyerhold’s and Tairov’s Moscow ideals, Aronson was Prince’s partner throughout a show’s entire evolution from inception to opening night.

After Fiddler Aronson and Prince would collaborate on two musicals with scores by John Kander and Fred Ebb that Prince himself directed: Cabaret (1966) and Zorba (1968). Rather than fashioning conventional stage settings for these decidedly non-traditional shows, Aronson instead created conceptualized, abstract “limbo spaces” within which all the individual scenes took place — an approach that would be central to his work with Prince and Sondheim in the following decade.

Cabaret’s stylized black limbo space, in and out of which smaller set pieces were rolled on wagons, was given depth and perspective by streetlights, storefronts, an omnipresent iron spiral staircase at stage left, the red neon cursive “Cabaret” sign and, most memorably for anyone who saw the production, the enormous trapezoidal mirror hanging over the stage. As the mirror’s angle changed, it could show the audience a distorted, grotesque reflection of the performances in the Kit Kat Klub or reflect the audience themselves. The latter effect served to underscore the political parallels Prince saw between the anti-Semitism of Cabaret’s pre-war Berlin and the racial conflicts of 1960s America.

Zorba, although it has proved less durable than the perennially popular, seemingly indestructible Cabaret, further developed the collaborators’ methods. This time Aronson evoked a stylized amphitheater in which Prince’s contemporary Greek chorus donned costumes and re-enacted their communal play-within-a-play of life and death, love and loss. Prince and Aronson resorted to fewer rolling set pieces for particular locales than they had in Cabaret, relying more often on reconfigurations of the mobile stairs and platforms that made up the unit set. The production’s abstract framework enclosed the detail of specific scenes, reinforcing the timeless aspects of the story being retold. Aronson won Best Scenic Design Tony Awards for both Cabaret and Zorba, an accolade from his peers that had eluded him since 1951.

Company (1970). Scenic and projection design by Boris Aronson. Sketch in pencil, watercolor, and gouache. BORIS ARONSON ARCHIVES

Then came Company: Aronson’s first Sondheim show, his favorite among his Broadway productions and one of his career-defining scenic achievements. His challenge was to capture onstage contemporary New York City itself, which served not only as the pioneering concept musical’s setting but also, more importantly, as its central metaphor for modern love, sex and marriage. This was not the picturesque New York of Loesser’s Guys and Dolls or Bernstein’s On the Town, nor even the grittier ethnic New York of Sondheim and Bernstein’s West Side Story. Instead Aronson strove to convey onstage the Manhattan whose streets he walked every day: a mechanized, “antiseptic” city in which, he observed, “people sit stacked on top of each other in transparent cages.” The final result was his famous steel and Plexiglas “urban jungle gym” composed of moving platforms and elevators, a dazzlingly complex multilevel abstract structure within which, aided by lighting and hundreds of projections, Prince could move his ensemble cast about and seamlessly interweave Company’s many scenes and musical numbers. Aronson’s design was utterly modern and American, a brilliant realization of Prince and Sondheim’s radical departure from the norms of traditional, linear book musicals, yet simultaneously the unmistakable fruit of his Constructivist training with Alexandra Exter five decades earlier.

Follies (1971). Aronson’s sketches were not complete until inhabited by actors. BORIS ARONSON ARCHIVES

New York would again provide the setting for Follies: the crumbling theater in which impresario Dimitri Weismann once staged his Ziegfeld-esque revues, a prospect that immediately sparked Aronson’s imagination: “an empty stage is a goldmine — a concept that really fascinates me.” Nor could the designer simply decorate the Winter Garden’s own bare stage, because Follies required an evocative limbo space in which the characters’ mundane present and their ghostly past repeatedly converge and diverge in surrealistic fashion before taking an unexpected Felliniesque turn in the “Loveland” sequence.

Just as in Company, a multilevel Constructivist set provided the solution: the apparently gutted, rubble-strewn stage that audiences saw in fact concealed state-of-the-art machinery to slide multiple scaffolding units of varying sizes and heights in different directions, creating numerous playing spaces and achieving the fluidity of time, space and perspective so integral to Follies. In the second act, Aronson restored the Weissman Theatre to its pre-war heyday before the public’s eyes for “Loveland,” only to dramatically dismantle that lavish decor in a “chaos effect” and return the partygoers and the audience to the present — this time with a new trompe-l’œil backdrop showing a New York day dawning beyond the Weissman’s now-demolished rear wall.

The decidedly lighter prevailing tone of A Little Night Music presented Prince and Aronson with a new challenge: finding scenic analogues to the wit and buoyancy of script and score while, yet again, efficiently executing numerous scene changes. “To me, the setting must be like champagne, it must sparkle,” Aronson declared. It was decided that Night Music’s limbo space would be (in curious anticipation of another Sondheim musical) a forest, but one made up, according to the composer, of “metaphorical trees, not literal trees.”

Recalling his own youth, Aronson soon found his central image to convey the white nights of a Scandinavian summer: “I had a very vivid memory of white birch groves in Russia. … Birch trees would give the show the lyrical quality called for.” Every scene of the musical, even interiors such as Fredrik and Anne’s bedroom and Madame Armfeldt’s dining room, took place among these trees, which were painted on silk applied to sliding panels the height of the proscenium. The gliding screens likewise gave Prince the scenic fluidity he needed to move the action from one setting to another in an almost cinematic fashion.

Screens would also figure into Aronson’s fourth and final partnership with Prince and Sondheim, Pacific Overtures. Lightness and fluidity were again the scenic goals, but this time as part of a spare Oriental aesthetic. The conceit for Pacific Overtures, described by Sondheim as “a Japanese idea of a Western musical of a Japanese subject,” required sets and props that would mirror as well as reconcile the 19th-century clash of cultures depicted between imperial Japan and imperialist America. Screens, either flown in from above or carried onstage by black-clad stagehands, were among the devices Prince and Aronson borrowed from Kabuki theater for this purpose; Sondheim composed what he called “a Japanese screen score.”

Essential to Aronson’s designs were Japanese prints, already a highly stylized art form from which — with the help of a Xerox color copier, at that time a technological breakthrough — he created complex, still more stylized collages for the screens, drops and the show curtain. This most abstract of Aronson’s musicals with Prince and Sondheim produced some of his most daring and striking stage images.

Boris Aronson won three Tonys for his work with Sondheim and Prince, taking home the trophy for Company, Follies and Pacific Overtures. (His designs for Night Music were also nominated, but that year Tony Walton received the prize for Pippin.) Declining health precluded further Broadway projects, and his final work for the stage was Mikhail Baryshnikov’s 1976 American Ballet Theatre production of The Nutcracker, subsequently filmed for television.

Aronson died in 1980. His late-career acclaim — five Tony Awards in 10 years — represented belated appreciation for his neglected genius much less than it did the long-awaited arrival of collaborators and projects enabling him to fully realize his vision of both process and product. Hal Prince recognized Aronson during Fiddler as the right man in the right place at the right moment, uniquely equipped to join forces with Prince to achieve the theatrical innovations at which the director aimed.

Today the musicals that they together brought into being have long since taken on independent life, the original stagings remembered only by those lucky enough to have seen them and by students of theater design. Nevertheless, Aronson’s impact on these pioneering works’ evolution into their now-familiar forms — and on the subsequent course of American musical theater history — remains incalculable.

___________________________

For further reading: My primary source was the magisterial and marvelous The Theatre Art of Boris Aronson (Knopf, 1987), written by Frank Rich with Lisa Aronson, the designer’s widow and frequent production assistant. Of additional interest are Joseph Horowitz’s Artists in Exile: How Refugees from Twentieth-Century War and Revolution Transformed the American Performing Arts (Harper Collins, 2008) and Foster Hirsch’s Harold Prince and the American Musical Theatre (expanded edition, Applause, 2005).

CHRISTOPHER WEIMER, an associate editor for Everything Sondheim, is a professor at Oklahoma State University, where he teaches courses in literature, Western humanities and Spanish.

Facebooktwittermail

Filed Under: Feature, Premium Tagged With: A Little Night Music, Boris Aronson, cabaret, Company, Follies, Hal Prince, Pacific Overtures, Stephen Sondheim

Trackbacks

  1. reddit best sex games says:
    December 7, 2021 at 10:10 am

    japanese sex games punishment https://cybersexgames.net/

    Reply
  2. online crypto casino says:
    December 10, 2021 at 5:54 pm

    bonus online casino https://casinoonlinek.com/

    Reply
  3. real money online casino california says:
    December 11, 2021 at 5:35 am

    online casino live roulette https://onlinecasinoad.com/

    Reply
  4. the borgata online casino says:
    December 12, 2021 at 3:48 pm

    speaking rock casino online gambling https://casinogamesmachines.com/

    Reply
  5. island view casino online says:
    December 12, 2021 at 7:01 pm

    casino online gratis https://conline-casinos-hub.com/

    Reply
  6. online casino bitcoin says:
    December 13, 2021 at 6:35 am

    lotus casino online https://onlinecasinos4me.com/

    Reply
  7. mount airy online casino says:
    December 13, 2021 at 11:07 am

    online casino news https://online2casino.com/

    Reply
  8. pa online casino says:
    December 13, 2021 at 5:24 pm

    us casino online https://casinoonlinet.com/

    Reply
  9. echeck online casino says:
    December 13, 2021 at 7:42 pm

    riversweeps 777 online casino app https://casinosonlinex.com/

    Reply
  10. starbucks keto says:
    December 14, 2021 at 8:40 am

    chia pudding keto https://ketogenicdiets.net/

    Reply
  11. keto graham crackers says:
    December 14, 2021 at 12:51 pm

    no bake keto cheesecake https://ketogendiet.net/

    Reply
  12. keto pie says:
    December 15, 2021 at 8:37 am

    keto sausage gravy https://ketogenicdietinfo.com/

    Reply
  13. keto candy girl says:
    December 15, 2021 at 12:32 pm

    keto desserts to buy https://ketogendiets.com/

    Reply
  14. i can t write essays says:
    December 15, 2021 at 4:12 pm

    paid to write essays https://anenglishessay.com/

    Reply
  15. writing a college application essay says:
    December 15, 2021 at 11:29 pm

    write a five paragraph essay https://topessayswriter.com/

    Reply
  16. writing a argumentative essay says:
    December 16, 2021 at 3:52 pm

    write essays for money https://yoursuperessay.com/

    Reply
  17. writing the essay nyu says:
    December 17, 2021 at 3:20 am

    writing compare and contrast essays https://howtowriteessaytips.com/

    Reply
  18. gay dating in the 21st century says:
    December 17, 2021 at 9:29 am

    gay dating chat rooms https://gayprideusa.com/

    Reply
  19. gay female dating websites says:
    December 17, 2021 at 11:20 am

    34 dating a 19 year old gay https://gayfade.com/

    Reply
  20. zoosk gay online dating says:
    December 17, 2021 at 1:42 pm

    gay furry dating site https://gaysugardaddydatingsites.com/

    Reply
  21. critical thinking is says:
    December 19, 2021 at 10:39 am

    critical thinking example https://criticalthinkingbasics.com/

    Reply
  22. from critical thinking to argument says:
    December 19, 2021 at 11:38 am

    what does critical thinking mean https://criticalthinkinginstitute.com/

    Reply
  23. critical thinking nursing says:
    December 19, 2021 at 2:18 pm

    critical thinking math https://criticalthinking2020.net/

    Reply
  24. critical thinking questions for adults says:
    December 19, 2021 at 3:46 pm

    business critical thinking https://uncriticalthinking.com/

    Reply
  25. college essay example says:
    December 19, 2021 at 6:48 pm

    essay outline template https://choosevpn.net/

    Reply
  26. how many paragraphs are in a essay says:
    December 19, 2021 at 10:15 pm

    compare and contrast essay example https://tjvpn.net/

    Reply
  27. racism essay says:
    December 20, 2021 at 1:19 am

    argumentative essay template https://vpn4home.com/

    Reply
  28. no essay scholarship says:
    December 20, 2021 at 4:11 am

    essay apa format https://vpnshroud.com/

    Reply
  29. how to cite an article in an essay says:
    December 20, 2021 at 5:33 am

    argumentative essay conclusion https://vpnsrank.com/

    Reply
  30. tell me about yourself essay says:
    December 20, 2021 at 8:06 am

    first paragraph of an essay https://vpn4torrents.com/

    Reply
  31. spongebob essay says:
    December 20, 2021 at 9:38 am

    common app essay prompts https://windowsvpns.com/

    Reply
  32. 3medline says:
    December 31, 2021 at 6:06 am

    2sardonic

    Reply
  33. gay or bisexual dating says:
    January 2, 2022 at 7:57 am

    dating advice for gay men https://gaypridee.com

    Reply
  34. free gay dating websites says:
    January 2, 2022 at 8:55 am

    gay white men dating black men https://gay-buddies.com

    Reply
  35. christian gay dating app for android says:
    January 2, 2022 at 9:56 am

    biden gay boyfriend dating https://gayprideusa.com

    Reply
  36. gay dating apps for pc says:
    January 2, 2022 at 10:57 am

    best dating apps 2018 gay men https://speedgaydate.com

    Reply
  37. the best gay dating sites says:
    January 2, 2022 at 12:36 pm

    dating transwoman gay https://gaysugardaddydatingsites.com

    Reply
  38. 2medicare says:
    January 12, 2022 at 6:35 pm

    1seminars

    Reply
  39. hairy gay men chat free says:
    January 14, 2022 at 6:42 am

    chat de gay usa https://bjsgaychatroom.info/

    Reply
  40. gay couple chat says:
    January 14, 2022 at 1:04 pm

    bears.com official website gay chat room https://gaytgpost.com/

    Reply
  41. gay sex chat rooms says:
    January 14, 2022 at 3:27 pm

    gay fetish video chat https://gay-buddies.com/

    Reply
  42. what are the names of gay dating sites says:
    January 15, 2022 at 7:00 am

    gay sadistic men dating cite https://speedgaydate.com/

    Reply
  43. igt video slots free play says:
    January 28, 2022 at 11:00 am

    free siberian storm slots https://2-free-slots.com/

    Reply
  44. what slots pay the most says:
    January 28, 2022 at 5:11 pm

    free slots games egypt https://freeonlneslotmachine.com/

    Reply
  45. lucky slots on facebook says:
    January 28, 2022 at 6:40 pm

    vegas slots free https://candylandslotmachine.com/

    Reply
  46. 10000 slots youtube says:
    January 28, 2022 at 11:13 pm

    dancing drums free slots https://pennyslotmachines.org/

    Reply
  47. armor slots says:
    January 29, 2022 at 2:25 am

    vegas wotld slots https://slotmachinesworld.com/

    Reply
  48. hit it rich casino slots says:
    February 3, 2022 at 2:06 pm

    gossip slots tournament https://slotmachinesforum.net/

    Reply
  49. triple seven slots free says:
    February 3, 2022 at 3:01 pm

    lincoln slots online https://slot-machine-sale.com/

    Reply
  50. caesar slots free download says:
    February 3, 2022 at 10:16 pm

    exosuit cargo slots https://download-slot-machines.com/

    Reply
  51. sharknado slots in vegas says:
    February 4, 2022 at 2:53 am

    double down slots https://411slotmachine.com/

    Reply
  52. infinity slots says:
    February 4, 2022 at 6:15 am

    online slots free https://www-slotmachines.com/

    Reply
  53. sexy girl slots says:
    February 4, 2022 at 9:07 am

    loosest slots san diego https://slotmachinegameinfo.com/

    Reply
  54. what is a phd dissertation says:
    February 10, 2022 at 12:11 pm

    help me write my dissertation https://buydissertationhelp.com/

    Reply
  55. writing law dissertation says:
    February 11, 2022 at 11:10 am

    how to write a draft dissertation help https://dissertationwriting-service.com/

    Reply
  56. dissertation consulting service help says:
    February 11, 2022 at 12:51 pm

    best dissertation help https://help-with-dissertations.com/

    Reply
  57. spss dissertation help london says:
    February 11, 2022 at 7:00 pm

    dissertation searches https://mydissertationwritinghelp.com/

    Reply
  58. help with dissertation research says:
    February 11, 2022 at 9:36 pm

    do my dissertation https://dissertations-writing.org/

    Reply
  59. masters dissertation writing help says:
    February 12, 2022 at 12:26 am

    example of dissertation https://helpon-doctoral-dissertations.net/

    Reply
  60. canadian rx world pharmacy says:
    July 27, 2022 at 3:07 am

    viagra canada https://londondrugscanada.bigcartel.com/london-drugs

    Fine facts. Regards!

    Reply
  61. canadapharmacy.teachable.com says:
    July 28, 2022 at 6:53 am

    online prescriptions without a doctor https://canadapharmacy.teachable.com/

    Thanks a lot, Ample tips.

    Reply
  62. fofenp.wixsite.comlondon-drugs-canadaenpostpharmacies-shipping-to-usa-that says:
    July 28, 2022 at 12:51 pm

    cialis 5mg prix https://fofenp.wixsite.com/london-drugs-canada/en/post/pharmacies-shipping-to-usa-that/

    Incredible many of good data.

    Reply
  63. swebas.livejournal.com359.html says:
    July 28, 2022 at 6:40 pm

    cialis lowest price https://swebas.livejournal.com/359.html

    Awesome material, Kudos!

    Reply
  64. canadian drugstore says:
    July 29, 2022 at 5:59 am

    legitimate canadian mail order pharmacies https://lawert.micro.blog/

    You actually said this perfectly.

    Reply
  65. canadian-pharmacies.webflow.io says:
    July 29, 2022 at 12:04 pm

    cialis 5mg https://canadian-pharmacies.webflow.io/

    Thanks a lot. I enjoy it.

    Reply
  66. https://my.desktopnexus.com/kawemn/journal/pharmaceuticals-online-australia-38678/ says:
    July 30, 2022 at 5:50 am

    Generic cialis tadalafil https://my.desktopnexus.com/kawemn/journal/pharmaceuticals-online-australia-38678/

    You actually stated it well.

    Reply
  67. www.divephotoguide.comuserdrugs says:
    July 30, 2022 at 11:50 am

    cialis https://www.divephotoguide.com/user/drugs

    Good material, Cheers.

    Reply
  68. best canadian mail order pharmacies says:
    July 30, 2022 at 5:59 pm

    global pharmacy canada https://hub.docker.com/r/dkwer/drugs

    You made your point!

    Reply
  69. canadian pharmacy meds says:
    July 31, 2022 at 12:25 pm

    Northwest Pharmacy https://form.jotform.com/decote/canadian-pharmacies-shipping-to-the

    Very good forum posts. Thanks a lot.

    Reply
  70. linktr.eecanadianpharmacy says:
    July 31, 2022 at 8:43 pm

    cialis without a doctor’s prescription https://linktr.ee/canadianpharmacy

    You actually revealed that superbly.

    Reply
  71. kawers.micro.blog says:
    August 2, 2022 at 8:40 am

    Generic cialis tadalafil https://kawers.micro.blog/

    Great postings. Regards.

    Reply
  72. https://mewser.mystrikingly.com/ says:
    August 4, 2022 at 7:29 am

    generic for cialis https://mewser.mystrikingly.com/

    You said it nicely.!

    Reply
  73. buy cialis says:
    August 4, 2022 at 1:17 pm

    medication without a doctors prescription https://sbwerd.estranky.sk/clanky/cialis-generic-pharmacy-online.html

    With thanks, I value it.

    Reply
  74. https://alewrt.flazio.com/ says:
    August 4, 2022 at 8:12 pm

    cialis generico online https://alewrt.flazio.com/

    Nicely put. Thank you.

    Reply
  75. https://buycialisonline.fo.team/ says:
    August 5, 2022 at 7:23 am

    tadalafil tablets https://buycialisonline.fo.team/

    Appreciate it, Loads of data!

    Reply
  76. https://laswert.wordpress.com/ says:
    August 6, 2022 at 10:07 am

    cialis generico https://laswert.wordpress.com/

    This is nicely put! .

    Reply
  77. kasheras.livejournal.com283.html says:
    August 6, 2022 at 5:24 pm

    cialis from canada https://kasheras.livejournal.com/283.html

    Seriously quite a lot of fantastic tips!

    Reply
  78. kwxcva.estranky.czclankycialis-20-mg.html says:
    August 7, 2022 at 11:43 am

    cialis from canada https://kwxcva.estranky.cz/clanky/cialis-20-mg.html

    You actually stated this well!

    Reply
  79. tadalafil20mg.proweb.cz says:
    August 7, 2022 at 6:19 pm

    cialis 20 mg https://tadalafil20mg.proweb.cz/

    Tips well considered..

    Reply
  80. https://owzpkg.zombeek.cz/ says:
    August 8, 2022 at 6:56 am

    cialis tablets australia https://owzpkg.zombeek.cz/

    Beneficial posts. Appreciate it!

    Reply
  81. lasweb.iwopop.com says:
    August 8, 2022 at 2:43 pm

    generic for cialis http://lasweb.iwopop.com/

    With thanks! Useful stuff!

    Reply
  82. buycialisonline.bigcartel.comcialis-without-a-doctor-prescription says:
    August 8, 2022 at 9:11 pm

    cialis 20 mg best price https://buycialisonline.bigcartel.com/cialis-without-a-doctor-prescription

    Fine facts. Many thanks!

    Reply
  83. buycialisonline.teachable.com says:
    August 9, 2022 at 6:42 am

    generic for cialis https://buycialisonline.teachable.com/

    Thanks a lot, Ample material!

    Reply
  84. cialis says:
    August 9, 2022 at 2:04 pm

    cialis without a doctor’s prescription https://kalwer.micro.blog/

    Good data, Thanks a lot.

    Reply
  85. https://my.desktopnexus.com/Buycialis/journal/cialis-without-a-doctor-prescription-38780/ says:
    August 10, 2022 at 6:37 am

    cialis 20 mg https://my.desktopnexus.com/Buycialis/journal/cialis-without-a-doctor-prescription-38780/

    You reported this very well!

    Reply
  86. buy cialis uk says:
    August 10, 2022 at 2:30 pm

    tadalafil https://www.divephotoguide.com/user/buycialisonline

    Thank you, Lots of tips.

    Reply
  87. buy cheap cialis on line says:
    August 11, 2022 at 6:30 am

    cialis prices https://hub.docker.com/r/tadalafil/20mg

    Many thanks! I like this!

    Reply
  88. buy tadalafil says:
    August 11, 2022 at 2:29 pm

    cialis 20mg prix en pharmacie https://tadalafil20mg.webflow.io/

    Regards! I value this!

    Reply
  89. buy cialis pills online says:
    August 12, 2022 at 7:42 am

    purchasing cialis on the internet https://kswbnh.nethouse.ru/

    Fine material. Kudos!

    Reply
  90. www.formlets.comformsfpN4Ll8AEnDHBAkr says:
    August 12, 2022 at 11:44 am

    tadalafil https://www.formlets.com/forms/fpN4Ll8AEnDHBAkr/

    You have made your point!

    Reply
  91. https://form.jotform.com/ogmyn/buycialisonline says:
    August 13, 2022 at 5:30 am

    online prescriptions without a doctor https://form.jotform.com/ogmyn/buycialisonline

    Thank you! Helpful stuff!

    Reply
  92. https://linktr.ee/buycialisonline says:
    August 13, 2022 at 9:11 am

    cialis from canada https://linktr.ee/buycialisonline

    Wow loads of valuable facts!

    Reply
  93. telegra.phCialis-20mg-08-13 says:
    August 13, 2022 at 1:05 pm

    buy cialis https://telegra.ph/Cialis-20mg-08-13

    Many thanks! A lot of info.

    Reply
  94. buy generic cialis pills says:
    August 13, 2022 at 4:44 pm

    cialis 20 mg best price https://graph.org/Tadalafil-20mg-08-13

    Incredible plenty of awesome advice.

    Reply
  95. https://kwenzx.nethouse.ru/ says:
    August 14, 2022 at 2:36 am

    tadalafil 20 mg https://kwenzx.nethouse.ru/

    You actually reported this very well!

    Reply
  96. dwerks.nethouse.ru says:
    August 14, 2022 at 6:07 am

    buy cialis https://dwerks.nethouse.ru/

    You reported that fantastically!

    Reply
  97. https://form.jotform.com/ycaatk/canadian-pharmaceuticals-online-lis says:
    August 14, 2022 at 10:48 am

    cialis online https://form.jotform.com/ycaatk/canadian-pharmaceuticals-online-lis

    Excellent data. With thanks!

    Reply
  98. linktr.eeonlinepharmacies says:
    August 14, 2022 at 6:34 pm

    purchasing cialis on the internet https://linktr.ee/onlinepharmacies

    Thanks, Terrific information!

    Reply
  99. telegra.phReputable-canadian-pharmaceuticals-online-08-12 says:
    August 15, 2022 at 2:46 am

    buy generic cialis https://telegra.ph/Reputable-canadian-pharmaceuticals-online-08-12

    Seriously quite a lot of useful facts!

    Reply
  100. graph.orgPharmacies-in-canada-shipping-to-usa-08-12 says:
    August 15, 2022 at 6:38 am

    canadian cialis https://graph.org/Pharmacies-in-canada-shipping-to-usa-08-12

    You said it very well..

    Reply
  101. https://telegra.ph/Recommended-canadian-pharmacies-08-12 says:
    August 15, 2022 at 10:30 am

    generic for cialis https://telegra.ph/Recommended-canadian-pharmacies-08-12

    Very well spoken really. .

    Reply
  102. https://graph.org/Safe-canadian-online-pharmacies-08-12 says:
    August 15, 2022 at 2:31 pm

    generic cialis https://graph.org/Safe-canadian-online-pharmacies-08-12

    Seriously loads of valuable tips.

    Reply
  103. https://linktr.ee/canadianpharmacies says:
    August 15, 2022 at 8:16 pm

    tadalafil generic https://linktr.ee/canadianpharmacies

    With thanks. I appreciate it.

    Reply
  104. buy viagra online says:
    August 16, 2022 at 5:47 am

    Tadalafil 20 mg https://buyviagraonlinee.mystrikingly.com/

    With thanks! Ample knowledge!

    Reply
  105. buy generic viagra pills says:
    August 16, 2022 at 9:13 am

    Viagra sans ordonnance https://buyviagraonline.estranky.sk/clanky/buy-viagra-without-prescription-pharmacy-online.html

    Amazing lots of good info!

    Reply
  106. buyviagraonline.flazio.com says:
    August 16, 2022 at 1:00 pm

    tadalafil 10 mg https://buyviagraonline.flazio.com/

    Thank you, Valuable stuff!

    Reply
  107. buyviagraonline.fo.team says:
    August 16, 2022 at 4:56 pm

    cialis generico https://buyviagraonline.fo.team/

    You actually suggested it very well!

    Reply
  108. noyano.wixsite.combuyviagraonline says:
    August 17, 2022 at 3:16 am

    cialis 20 mg https://noyano.wixsite.com/buyviagraonline

    Incredible all kinds of valuable knowledge.

    Reply
  109. https://buyviagraonlinet.wordpress.com/ says:
    August 17, 2022 at 7:36 am

    cialis from canada https://buyviagraonlinet.wordpress.com/

    Terrific material. Appreciate it!

    Reply
  110. buy viagra online safely says:
    August 17, 2022 at 11:11 am

    Viagra kaufen https://buyviagraonl.livejournal.com/386.html

    Amazing all kinds of great data.

    Reply
  111. buyviagraonline.nethouse.ru says:
    August 17, 2022 at 3:07 pm

    tadalafil https://buyviagraonline.nethouse.ru/

    Thank you. I appreciate this!

    Reply
  112. https://buyviagraonline.estranky.cz/clanky/can-i-buy-viagra-without-prescription.html says:
    August 17, 2022 at 7:05 pm

    cialis online https://buyviagraonline.estranky.cz/clanky/can-i-buy-viagra-without-prescription.html

    Amazing lots of terrific knowledge.

    Reply
  113. https://buyviagraonline.proweb.cz/ says:
    August 18, 2022 at 3:15 am

    cialis lowest price https://buyviagraonline.proweb.cz/

    Kudos! Loads of information!

    Reply
  114. buyviagraonline.zombeek.cz says:
    August 18, 2022 at 7:17 am

    cialis tablets https://buyviagraonline.zombeek.cz/

    Nicely put, Regards!

    Reply
  115. buy viagra online no prescription says:
    August 18, 2022 at 10:50 am

    Interactions for viagra http://jso7c59f304.iwopop.com/

    Amazing stuff. Thank you!

    Reply
  116. https://buyviagraonline.bigcartel.com/viagra-without-a-doctor-prescription says:
    August 20, 2022 at 5:23 am

    buy cialis online https://buyviagraonline.bigcartel.com/viagra-without-a-doctor-prescription

    Nicely put. Regards.

    Reply
  117. buy cheap viagra in canada says:
    August 20, 2022 at 9:15 am

    Viagra generika https://buyviagraonline.teachable.com/

    Truly a lot of amazing advice!

    Reply
  118. buy viagra online no prescription says:
    August 20, 2022 at 12:43 pm

    Viagra lowest price https://telegra.ph/How-to-get-viagra-without-a-doctor-08-18

    Wow quite a lot of superb knowledge.

    Reply
  119. buy generic viagra online says:
    August 20, 2022 at 4:51 pm

    Tadalafil 5mg https://graph.org/Buying-viagra-without-a-prescription-08-18

    Incredible a lot of awesome material.

    Reply
  120. buyviagraonline.micro.blog says:
    August 21, 2022 at 4:55 am

    cialis lowest price https://buyviagraonline.micro.blog/

    You said it nicely..

    Reply
  121. https://my.desktopnexus.com/buyviagraonline/journal/online-viagra-without-a-prescriptuon-38932/ says:
    August 21, 2022 at 8:40 am

    tadalafil https://my.desktopnexus.com/buyviagraonline/journal/online-viagra-without-a-prescriptuon-38932/

    Nicely put, With thanks.

    Reply
  122. buy viagra medication says:
    August 21, 2022 at 12:14 pm

    Buy viagra https://www.divephotoguide.com/user/buyviagraonline

    Thank you, Lots of material!

    Reply
  123. viagrawithoutprescription.webflow.io says:
    August 22, 2022 at 4:52 am

    cialis generic https://viagrawithoutprescription.webflow.io/

    Cheers. Quite a lot of advice.

    Reply
  124. https://form.jotform.com/222341315941044 says:
    August 23, 2022 at 5:20 am

    cialis 20 mg https://form.jotform.com/222341315941044

    Kudos, Quite a lot of tips.

    Reply
  125. buy viagra says:
    August 23, 2022 at 9:09 am

    Viagra 5 mg https://linktr.ee/buyviagraonline

    Seriously plenty of terrific data.

    Reply
  126. buyviagraonline.home.blog says:
    August 23, 2022 at 12:32 pm

    generic for cialis https://buyviagraonline.home.blog/

    Awesome stuff. Thanks.

    Reply
  127. buy viagra usa says:
    August 23, 2022 at 4:15 pm

    canadian pharmacies that are legit https://canadianpharmaceuticalsonline.home.blog/

    Cheers! Plenty of posts!

    Reply
  128. https://onlineviagra.mystrikingly.com/ says:
    August 28, 2022 at 8:00 pm

    cialis 5mg prix https://onlineviagra.mystrikingly.com/

    Superb data. Appreciate it.

    Reply
  129. reallygoodemails.comonlineviagra says:
    August 29, 2022 at 5:35 am

    cialis tablets australia https://reallygoodemails.com/onlineviagra

    Nicely expressed without a doubt. !

    Reply

Latest Features

The Stephen Sondheim Encyclopedia

Rick Pender, founding editor of Everything Sondheim, has created a brand new, … [more]

Keeping Good Company: The Prince-Sondheim Partnership

“We had the same priorities.  We wanted to take the audience where we wanted to … [more]

Interviewing Sondheim

In 1997, Stephen Sondheim sat down with Library of Congress Senior Music … [more]

Everything We Know (and Don’t Know) about Sondheim’s Surrealist Collaboration with David Ives

Editor's note: Since the printing of this article, Sondheim is reportedly no … [more]

The Ups and Downs of ‘Send in the Clowns’

Isn’t it rich? His career arc stretches from writing the lyrics for West Side … [more]

A Gender-Bending Company

Stephen Sondheim and Company director Marianne Elliott discuss the new … [more]

Copyright © 2023 · Everything Sondheim. All rights reserved. · Log in | Privacy Policy | Terms of Use

This website uses cookies to improve your experience. We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish. Accept Reject Read More
Privacy & Cookies Policy

Privacy Overview

This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience.
Necessary
Always Enabled
Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. These cookies do not store any personal information.
Non-necessary
Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website.
SAVE & ACCEPT